Started following some tutorial on att85 usi. Downloaded example code from make avr book.
This commit is contained in:
Dan
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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########## Project-specific Details ##########
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########## Check these every time you start a new project ##########
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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MCU = atmega168p
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F_CPU = 8000000UL
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BAUD = 9600UL
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## Also try BAUD = 19200 or 38400 if you're feeling lucky.
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## A directory for common include files and the simple USART library.
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## If you move either the current folder or the Library folder, you'll
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## need to change this path to match.
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LIBDIR = ../../AVR-Programming-Library
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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########## Programmer Defaults ##########
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########## Set up once, then forget about it ##########
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########## (Can override. See bottom of file.) ##########
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
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# extra arguments to avrdude: baud rate, chip type, -F flag, etc.
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PROGRAMMER_ARGS =
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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########## Program Locations ##########
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########## Won't need to change if they're in your PATH ##########
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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CC = avr-gcc
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OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
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OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
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AVRSIZE = avr-size
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AVRDUDE = avrdude
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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########## Makefile Magic! ##########
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########## Summary: ##########
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########## We want a .hex file ##########
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########## Compile source files into .elf ##########
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########## Convert .elf file into .hex ##########
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########## You shouldn't need to edit below. ##########
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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## The name of your project (without the .c)
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# TARGET = blinkLED
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## Or name it automatically after the enclosing directory
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TARGET = $(lastword $(subst /, ,$(CURDIR)))
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# Object files: will find all .c/.h files in current directory
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# and in LIBDIR. If you have any other (sub-)directories with code,
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# you can add them in to SOURCES below in the wildcard statement.
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SOURCES=$(wildcard *.c $(LIBDIR)/*.c)
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OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o)
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HEADERS=$(SOURCES:.c=.h)
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## Compilation options, type man avr-gcc if you're curious.
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CPPFLAGS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DBAUD=$(BAUD) -I. -I$(LIBDIR)
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CFLAGS = -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall
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## Use short (8-bit) data types
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CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
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## Splits up object files per function
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CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
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LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TARGET).map
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## Optional, but often ends up with smaller code
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LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections
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## Relax shrinks code even more, but makes disassembly messy
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## LDFLAGS += -Wl,--relax
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## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt -lm ## for floating-point printf
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## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min ## for smaller printf
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TARGET_ARCH = -mmcu=$(MCU)
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## Explicit pattern rules:
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## To make .o files from .c files
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%.o: %.c $(HEADERS) Makefile
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$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -c -o $@ $<;
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$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS)
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$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
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%.hex: %.elf
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$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@
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%.eeprom: %.elf
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$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@
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%.lst: %.elf
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$(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@
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## These targets don't have files named after them
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.PHONY: all disassemble disasm eeprom size clean squeaky_clean flash fuses
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all: $(TARGET).hex
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debug:
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@echo
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@echo "Source files:" $(SOURCES)
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@echo "MCU, F_CPU, BAUD:" $(MCU), $(F_CPU), $(BAUD)
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@echo
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# Optionally create listing file from .elf
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# This creates approximate assembly-language equivalent of your code.
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# Useful for debugging time-sensitive bits,
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# or making sure the compiler does what you want.
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disassemble: $(TARGET).lst
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disasm: disassemble
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# Optionally show how big the resulting program is
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size: $(TARGET).elf
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$(AVRSIZE) -C --mcu=$(MCU) $(TARGET).elf
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clean:
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rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).obj \
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$(TARGET).o $(TARGET).d $(TARGET).eep $(TARGET).lst \
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$(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym $(TARGET).map $(TARGET)~ \
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$(TARGET).eeprom
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squeaky_clean:
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rm -f *.elf *.hex *.obj *.o *.d *.eep *.lst *.lss *.sym *.map *~ *.eeprom
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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########## Programmer-specific details ##########
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########## Flashing code to AVR using avrdude ##########
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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flash: $(TARGET).hex
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$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$<
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## An alias
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program: flash
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flash_eeprom: $(TARGET).eeprom
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$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U eeprom:w:$<
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avrdude_terminal:
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$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nt
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## If you've got multiple programmers that you use,
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## you can define them here so that it's easy to switch.
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## To invoke, use something like `make flash_arduinoISP`
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flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
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flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBTiny works with no further arguments
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flash_usbtiny: flash
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flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbasp
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flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBasp works with no further arguments
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flash_usbasp: flash
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flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp
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flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P /dev/ttyACM0
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## (for windows) flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P com5
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flash_arduinoISP: flash
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flash_109: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avr109
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flash_109: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 9600 -P /dev/ttyUSB0
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flash_109: flash
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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########## Fuse settings and suitable defaults ##########
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
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## Mega 48, 88, 168, 328 default values
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LFUSE = 0x62
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HFUSE = 0xdf
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EFUSE = 0x00
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## Generic
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FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
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fuses:
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$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) \
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$(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) $(FUSE_STRING)
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show_fuses:
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$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nv
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## Called with no extra definitions, sets to defaults
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set_default_fuses: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
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set_default_fuses: fuses
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## Set the fuse byte for full-speed mode
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## Note: can also be set in firmware for modern chips
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set_fast_fuse: LFUSE = 0xE2
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set_fast_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m
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set_fast_fuse: fuses
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## Set the EESAVE fuse byte to preserve EEPROM across flashes
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set_eeprom_save_fuse: HFUSE = 0xD7
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set_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
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set_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses
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## Clear the EESAVE fuse byte
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clear_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
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clear_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses
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@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
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/* Direct-digital synthesis */
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// ------- Preamble -------- //
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#include <avr/io.h> /* Defines pins, ports, etc */
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#include <util/delay.h> /* Functions to waste time */
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#include <avr/interrupt.h>
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#include <avr/power.h>
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#include "pinDefines.h"
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#include "macros.h"
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#include "fullSine.h"
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static inline void initTimer0(void){
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set_bit(TCCR0A, COM0A1); /* PWM output on OCR0A */
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set_bit(SPEAKER_DDR, SPEAKER); /* enable output on pin */
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set_bit(TCCR0A, WGM00); /* Fast PWM mode */
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set_bit(TCCR0A, WGM01); /* Fast PWM mode, pt.2 */
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set_bit(TCCR0B, CS00); /* Clock with /1 prescaler */
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}
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static inline void pollButton(void){
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if (bit_is_clear(BUTTON_PIN, BUTTON)) {
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set_bit(SPEAKER_DDR, SPEAKER); /* enable output on pin */
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clear_bit(LED_PORT, LED0);
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}
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else {
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clear_bit(SPEAKER_DDR, SPEAKER); /* disable output on pin */
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set_bit(LED_PORT, LED0);
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}
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}
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static inline void initLED(void){
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set_bit(LED_DDR, LED0); /* LED on for diagnostics */
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set_bit(LED_PORT, LED0);
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_delay_ms(100);
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clear_bit(LED_PORT, LED0);
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}
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int main(void){
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volatile uint16_t accumulator0;
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volatile uint16_t accumulator1;
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volatile uint16_t tuningWord0;
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volatile uint16_t tuningWord1;
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volatile uint16_t mixer;
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// -------- Inits --------- //
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clock_prescale_set(clock_div_1); /* CPU clock 8 MHz */
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initLED();
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initTimer0();
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set_bit(BUTTON_PORT, BUTTON); /* pullup on button */
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set_bit(SPEAKER_DDR, SPEAKER); /* speaker output */
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tuningWord0 = 440*2; /* Dial tone frequencies */
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tuningWord1 = 350*2;
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// ------ Event loop ------ //
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while(1){
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loop_until_bit_is_set(TIFR0, TOV0); /* wait until overflow bit set */
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set_bit(TIFR0, TOV0); /* writing set should reset... */
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// Note that this bit has to be pretty fast... we have only 256 cycles to
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// set the next value in OCR0A, or we may hear a glitch
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accumulator0 += tuningWord0; /* take tuningWord steps forward */
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accumulator1 += tuningWord1; /* take tuningWord steps forward */
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mixer = fullSine[(uint8_t) (accumulator0 >> 8)]; /* add together */
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mixer += fullSine[(uint8_t) (accumulator1 >> 8)];
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OCR0A = 128 + (mixer >> 1); /* divide by 2, the fast way */
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pollButton();
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} /* End event loop */
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return 0; /* This line is never reached */
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
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int8_t fullSine[256] = {
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0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21,
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24, 27, 30, 34, 37, 39, 42, 45,
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48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 62, 65, 68,
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70, 73, 75, 78, 80, 83, 85, 87,
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90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104,
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106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 113, 115, 116,
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117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 122, 123, 124,
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125, 125, 126, 126, 126, 127, 127, 127,
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127, 127, 127, 127, 126, 126, 126, 125,
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125, 124, 123, 122, 122, 121, 120, 118,
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117, 116, 115, 113, 112, 110, 109, 107,
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106, 104, 102, 100, 98, 96, 94, 92,
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90, 87, 85, 83, 80, 78, 75, 73,
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70, 68, 65, 62, 60, 57, 54, 51,
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48, 45, 42, 39, 37, 34, 30, 27,
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24, 21, 18, 15, 12, 9, 6, 3,
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0, -4, -7, -10, -13, -16, -19, -22,
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-25, -28, -31, -35, -38, -40, -43, -46,
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-49, -52, -55, -58, -61, -63, -66, -69,
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-71, -74, -76, -79, -81, -84, -86, -88,
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-91, -93, -95, -97, -99, -101, -103, -105,
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-107, -108, -110, -111, -113, -114, -116, -117,
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-118, -119, -121, -122, -123, -123, -124, -125,
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-126, -126, -127, -127, -127, -128, -128, -128,
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-128, -128, -128, -128, -127, -127, -127, -126,
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-126, -125, -124, -123, -123, -122, -121, -119,
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-118, -117, -116, -114, -113, -111, -110, -108,
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-107, -105, -103, -101, -99, -97, -95, -93,
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-91, -88, -86, -84, -81, -79, -76, -74,
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-71, -69, -66, -63, -61, -58, -55, -52,
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-49, -46, -43, -40, -38, -35, -31, -28,
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-25, -22, -19, -16, -13, -10, -7, -4
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};
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@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
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## This file generates headers with lookup tables for various waveforms
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## Add your own.
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import math
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def phaseSteps(maxPhase, length=256):
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steps = range(0, length)
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steps = [1.0*x/length * 2.0*math.pi * (maxPhase/360.0) for x in steps]
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return(steps)
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def scaleAndRound(data, scale=255, signedInt=True):
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data = [0.0+x-min(data) for x in data]
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data = [1.0*x/max(data)*scale for x in data]
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data = [int(round(x)) for x in data]
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if signedInt:
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data = [x-(scale+1)/2 for x in data]
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return(data)
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def makeSin(maxPhase, length=256):
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sinus = [math.sin(x) for x in phaseSteps(maxPhase, length)]
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return(sinus)
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def prettyPrint(data, perLine = 8):
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outString = ""
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for i in range(len(data) / perLine):
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strings = [str(x) for x in data[perLine*i:(perLine*i+perLine)]]
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outString += "\t" + ", ".join(strings) + ",\n"
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outString = outString[:-2] + "\n" # drop the final comma
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return(outString)
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def writeHeader(fileName, dataName, data, signedInt=True):
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outfile = open(fileName, "w")
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if signedInt:
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outfile.write("int8_t {}[{:d}] = {{ \n".format(dataName, len(data)))
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else:
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outfile.write("uint8_t {}[{:d}] = {{ \n".format(dataName, len(data)))
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outfile.write(prettyPrint(data))
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outfile.write("};\n")
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outfile.close()
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def bandlimitedSawtooth(maxPhase, numberPartials, length=256):
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wave = [0]*length
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sign = 1.0
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for k in range(1, numberPartials+1):
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phases = phaseSteps(maxPhase*k, length)
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for i in range(length):
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wave[i] += sign * math.sin(phases[i]) / k
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sign = sign * -1
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return(wave)
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def bandlimitedSquare(maxPhase, numberPartials, length=256):
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wave = [0]*length
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for k in range(1, numberPartials*2, 2):
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phases = phaseSteps(maxPhase*k, length)
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for i in range(length):
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wave[i] += math.sin(phases[i]) / k
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return(wave)
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def bandlimitedTriangle(maxPhase, numberPartials, length=256):
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wave = [0]*length
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sign = 1.0
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for k in range(1, numberPartials*2, 2):
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phases = phaseSteps(maxPhase*k, length)
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for i in range(length):
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wave[i] += sign * math.sin(phases[i]) / k**2
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sign = sign * -1
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return(wave)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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## Full-waves, full 256 bytes, 0-255 range
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writeHeader("fullSine.h", 'fullSine', scaleAndRound(makeSin(360)))
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triangleWave = range(0,64)
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triangleWave.extend(range(64, -64, -1))
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triangleWave.extend(range(-64, 0, 1))
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triangleWave = scaleAndRound(triangleWave)
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writeHeader("fullTriangle.h", 'fullTriangle', triangleWave)
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for numberFrequencies in [3,7,15]:
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saw = scaleAndRound(bandlimitedSawtooth(360, numberFrequencies))
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writeHeader("fullSaw{}.h".format(numberFrequencies),
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'fullSaw{}'.format(numberFrequencies), saw)
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tri = scaleAndRound(bandlimitedTriangle(360, numberFrequencies))
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writeHeader("fullTri{}.h".format(numberFrequencies),
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'fullTri{}'.format(numberFrequencies), tri)
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square = scaleAndRound(bandlimitedSquare(360, numberFrequencies))
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writeHeader("fullSquare{}.h".format(numberFrequencies),
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'fullSquare{}'.format(numberFrequencies), square)
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## Note that if you define / use too many different waveforms,
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## and you don't store them in PROGMEM in your AVR C routines,
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## you might run the chip out of RAM, which causes strange and
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## nearly impossible-to-diagnose glitches.
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## So here we're breaking each waveform up into its own include file.
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## There are ways of storing them all in program memory, and we'll
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## see examples of that in later chapters.
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user