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Started following some tutorial on att85 usi. Downloaded example code from make avr book.

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Dan
2022-09-20 01:08:01 -04:00
parent d0cbc0000e
commit 361a828c46
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196
Make AVR Examples/Chapter10_Pulse-Width-Modulation/bruteForcePWM/Makefile Normal file
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Project-specific Details ##########
########## Check these every time you start a new project ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
MCU = atmega168p
F_CPU = 1000000UL
BAUD = 9600UL
## Also try BAUD = 19200 or 38400 if you're feeling lucky.
## A directory for common include files and the simple USART library.
## If you move either the current folder or the Library folder, you'll
## need to change this path to match.
LIBDIR = ../../AVR-Programming-Library
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer Defaults ##########
########## Set up once, then forget about it ##########
########## (Can override. See bottom of file.) ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
# extra arguments to avrdude: baud rate, chip type, -F flag, etc.
PROGRAMMER_ARGS =
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Program Locations ##########
########## Won't need to change if they're in your PATH ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
CC = avr-gcc
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
AVRSIZE = avr-size
AVRDUDE = avrdude
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Makefile Magic! ##########
########## Summary: ##########
########## We want a .hex file ##########
########## Compile source files into .elf ##########
########## Convert .elf file into .hex ##########
########## You shouldn't need to edit below. ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## The name of your project (without the .c)
# TARGET = blinkLED
## Or name it automatically after the enclosing directory
TARGET = $(lastword $(subst /, ,$(CURDIR)))
# Object files: will find all .c/.h files in current directory
# and in LIBDIR. If you have any other (sub-)directories with code,
# you can add them in to SOURCES below in the wildcard statement.
SOURCES=$(wildcard *.c $(LIBDIR)/*.c)
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o)
HEADERS=$(SOURCES:.c=.h)
## Compilation options, type man avr-gcc if you're curious.
CPPFLAGS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DBAUD=$(BAUD) -I. -I$(LIBDIR)
CFLAGS = -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall
## Use short (8-bit) data types
CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
## Splits up object files per function
CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TARGET).map
## Optional, but often ends up with smaller code
LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections
## Relax shrinks code even more, but makes disassembly messy
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,--relax
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt -lm ## for floating-point printf
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min ## for smaller printf
TARGET_ARCH = -mmcu=$(MCU)
## Explicit pattern rules:
## To make .o files from .c files
%.o: %.c $(HEADERS) Makefile
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -c -o $@ $<;
$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
%.hex: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@
%.eeprom: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@
%.lst: %.elf
$(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@
## These targets don't have files named after them
.PHONY: all disassemble disasm eeprom size clean squeaky_clean flash fuses
all: $(TARGET).hex
debug:
@echo
@echo "Source files:" $(SOURCES)
@echo "MCU, F_CPU, BAUD:" $(MCU), $(F_CPU), $(BAUD)
@echo
# Optionally create listing file from .elf
# This creates approximate assembly-language equivalent of your code.
# Useful for debugging time-sensitive bits,
# or making sure the compiler does what you want.
disassemble: $(TARGET).lst
disasm: disassemble
# Optionally show how big the resulting program is
size: $(TARGET).elf
$(AVRSIZE) -C --mcu=$(MCU) $(TARGET).elf
clean:
rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).obj \
$(TARGET).o $(TARGET).d $(TARGET).eep $(TARGET).lst \
$(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym $(TARGET).map $(TARGET)~ \
$(TARGET).eeprom
squeaky_clean:
rm -f *.elf *.hex *.obj *.o *.d *.eep *.lst *.lss *.sym *.map *~ *.eeprom
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer-specific details ##########
########## Flashing code to AVR using avrdude ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
flash: $(TARGET).hex
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$<
## An alias
program: flash
flash_eeprom: $(TARGET).eeprom
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U eeprom:w:$<
avrdude_terminal:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nt
## If you've got multiple programmers that you use,
## you can define them here so that it's easy to switch.
## To invoke, use something like `make flash_arduinoISP`
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBTiny works with no further arguments
flash_usbtiny: flash
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbasp
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBasp works with no further arguments
flash_usbasp: flash
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P /dev/ttyACM0
## (for windows) flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P com5
flash_arduinoISP: flash
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avr109
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 9600 -P /dev/ttyUSB0
flash_109: flash
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Fuse settings and suitable defaults ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## Mega 48, 88, 168, 328 default values
LFUSE = 0x62
HFUSE = 0xdf
EFUSE = 0x00
## Generic
FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) \
$(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) $(FUSE_STRING)
show_fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nv
## Called with no extra definitions, sets to defaults
set_default_fuses: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
set_default_fuses: fuses
## Set the fuse byte for full-speed mode
## Note: can also be set in firmware for modern chips
set_fast_fuse: LFUSE = 0xE2
set_fast_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m
set_fast_fuse: fuses
## Set the EESAVE fuse byte to preserve EEPROM across flashes
set_eeprom_save_fuse: HFUSE = 0xD7
set_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
set_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses
## Clear the EESAVE fuse byte
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses

47
Make AVR Examples/Chapter10_Pulse-Width-Modulation/bruteForcePWM/pwm.c Normal file
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/*
* Quick and dirty PWM Demo
*/
// ------- Preamble -------- //
#include <avr/io.h> /* Defines pins, ports, etc */
#include <util/delay.h> /* Functions to waste time */
#include "pinDefines.h"
#define LED_DELAY 2
int main(void) {
uint8_t brightness = 0;
int8_t direction = 1;
uint8_t i;
// -------- Inits --------- //
LED_DDR = 0xff; /* Init all LEDs */
// ------ Event loop ------ //
while (1) {
// PWM
for (i = 0; i < 255; i++) {
if (i < brightness) {
LED_PORT = 0xff; /* turn on */
}
else {
LED_PORT = 0; /* turn off */
}
_delay_us(LED_DELAY);
}
// Brighten and dim
if (brightness == 0) {
direction = 1;
}
if (brightness == 255) {
direction = -1;
}
brightness += direction;
} /* End event loop */
return 0; /* This line is never reached */
}

196
Make AVR Examples/Chapter10_Pulse-Width-Modulation/pwm/Makefile Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Project-specific Details ##########
########## Check these every time you start a new project ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
MCU = atmega168p
F_CPU = 1000000UL
BAUD = 9600UL
## Also try BAUD = 19200 or 38400 if you're feeling lucky.
## A directory for common include files and the simple USART library.
## If you move either the current folder or the Library folder, you'll
## need to change this path to match.
LIBDIR = ../../AVR-Programming-Library
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer Defaults ##########
########## Set up once, then forget about it ##########
########## (Can override. See bottom of file.) ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
# extra arguments to avrdude: baud rate, chip type, -F flag, etc.
PROGRAMMER_ARGS =
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Program Locations ##########
########## Won't need to change if they're in your PATH ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
CC = avr-gcc
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
AVRSIZE = avr-size
AVRDUDE = avrdude
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Makefile Magic! ##########
########## Summary: ##########
########## We want a .hex file ##########
########## Compile source files into .elf ##########
########## Convert .elf file into .hex ##########
########## You shouldn't need to edit below. ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## The name of your project (without the .c)
# TARGET = blinkLED
## Or name it automatically after the enclosing directory
TARGET = $(lastword $(subst /, ,$(CURDIR)))
# Object files: will find all .c/.h files in current directory
# and in LIBDIR. If you have any other (sub-)directories with code,
# you can add them in to SOURCES below in the wildcard statement.
SOURCES=$(wildcard *.c $(LIBDIR)/*.c)
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o)
HEADERS=$(SOURCES:.c=.h)
## Compilation options, type man avr-gcc if you're curious.
CPPFLAGS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DBAUD=$(BAUD) -I. -I$(LIBDIR)
CFLAGS = -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall
## Use short (8-bit) data types
CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
## Splits up object files per function
CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TARGET).map
## Optional, but often ends up with smaller code
LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections
## Relax shrinks code even more, but makes disassembly messy
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,--relax
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt -lm ## for floating-point printf
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min ## for smaller printf
TARGET_ARCH = -mmcu=$(MCU)
## Explicit pattern rules:
## To make .o files from .c files
%.o: %.c $(HEADERS) Makefile
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -c -o $@ $<;
$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
%.hex: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@
%.eeprom: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@
%.lst: %.elf
$(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@
## These targets don't have files named after them
.PHONY: all disassemble disasm eeprom size clean squeaky_clean flash fuses
all: $(TARGET).hex
debug:
@echo
@echo "Source files:" $(SOURCES)
@echo "MCU, F_CPU, BAUD:" $(MCU), $(F_CPU), $(BAUD)
@echo
# Optionally create listing file from .elf
# This creates approximate assembly-language equivalent of your code.
# Useful for debugging time-sensitive bits,
# or making sure the compiler does what you want.
disassemble: $(TARGET).lst
disasm: disassemble
# Optionally show how big the resulting program is
size: $(TARGET).elf
$(AVRSIZE) -C --mcu=$(MCU) $(TARGET).elf
clean:
rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).obj \
$(TARGET).o $(TARGET).d $(TARGET).eep $(TARGET).lst \
$(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym $(TARGET).map $(TARGET)~ \
$(TARGET).eeprom
squeaky_clean:
rm -f *.elf *.hex *.obj *.o *.d *.eep *.lst *.lss *.sym *.map *~ *.eeprom
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer-specific details ##########
########## Flashing code to AVR using avrdude ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
flash: $(TARGET).hex
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$<
## An alias
program: flash
flash_eeprom: $(TARGET).eeprom
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U eeprom:w:$<
avrdude_terminal:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nt
## If you've got multiple programmers that you use,
## you can define them here so that it's easy to switch.
## To invoke, use something like `make flash_arduinoISP`
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBTiny works with no further arguments
flash_usbtiny: flash
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbasp
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBasp works with no further arguments
flash_usbasp: flash
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P /dev/ttyACM0
## (for windows) flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P com5
flash_arduinoISP: flash
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avr109
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 9600 -P /dev/ttyUSB0
flash_109: flash
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Fuse settings and suitable defaults ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## Mega 48, 88, 168, 328 default values
LFUSE = 0x62
HFUSE = 0xdf
EFUSE = 0x00
## Generic
FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) \
$(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) $(FUSE_STRING)
show_fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nv
## Called with no extra definitions, sets to defaults
set_default_fuses: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
set_default_fuses: fuses
## Set the fuse byte for full-speed mode
## Note: can also be set in firmware for modern chips
set_fast_fuse: LFUSE = 0xE2
set_fast_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m
set_fast_fuse: fuses
## Set the EESAVE fuse byte to preserve EEPROM across flashes
set_eeprom_save_fuse: HFUSE = 0xD7
set_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
set_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses
## Clear the EESAVE fuse byte
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses

93
Make AVR Examples/Chapter10_Pulse-Width-Modulation/pwm/pinDefines.h Normal file
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// ---------------
// Pin Defines
// ---------------
#define LED_PORT PORTB
#define LED_PIN PINB
#define LED_DDR DDRB
#define LED0 PB0
#define LED1 PB1
#define LED2 PB2
#define LED3 PB3
#define LED4 PB4
#define LED5 PB5
#define LED6 PB6
#define LED7 PB7
#define BUTTON PD2
#define BUTTON_PORT PORTD
#define BUTTON_PIN PIND
#define BUTTON_DDR DDRD
#define BUTTON2 PD3
#define BUTTON_PORT PORTD
#define BUTTON_PIN PIND
#define BUTTON_DDR DDRD
#define BUTTON3 PD4
#define BUTTON_PORT PORTD
#define BUTTON_PIN PIND
#define BUTTON_DDR DDRD
#define SPEAKER PD6 /* OC0A */
#define SPEAKER_PORT PORTD
#define SPEAKER_PIN PIND
#define SPEAKER_DDR DDRD
#define ANTENNA PD5 /* OC0B */
#define ANTENNA_PORT PORTD
#define ANTENNA_PIN PIND
#define ANTENNA_DDR DDRD
#define MODULATION PD3 /* OC2B */
#define MODULATION_PORT PORTD
#define MODULATION_PIN PIND
#define MODULATION_DDR DDRD
#define LIGHT_SENSOR PC0 /* ADC0 */
#define LIGHT_SENSOR_PORT PORTC
#define LIGHT_SENSOR_PIN PINC
#define LIGHT_SENSOR_DDR DDRC
#define CAP_SENSOR PC1 /* ADC1 */
#define CAP_SENSOR_PORT PORTC
#define CAP_SENSOR_PIN PINC
#define CAP_SENSOR_DDR DDRC
#define PIEZO PC2 /* ADC2 */
#define PIEZO_PORT PORTC
#define PIEZO_PIN PINC
#define PIEZO_DDR DDRC
// SPI and I2C serial mode defines
#define SPI_SS PB2
#define SPI_SS_PORT PORTB
#define SPI_SS_PIN PINB
#define SPI_SS_DDR DDRB
#define SPI_MOSI PB3
#define SPI_MOSI_PORT PORTB
#define SPI_MOSI_PIN PINB
#define SPI_MOSI_DDR DDRB
#define SPI_MISO PB4
#define SPI_MISO_PORT PORTB
#define SPI_MISO_PIN PINB
#define SPI_MISO_DDR DDRB
#define SPI_SCK PB5
#define SPI_SCK_PORT PORTB
#define SPI_SCK_PIN PINB
#define SPI_SCK_DDR DDRB
#define I2C_SDA PC4
#define I2C_SDA_PORT PORTC
#define I2C_SDA_PIN PINC
#define I2C_SDA_DDR DDRC
#define I2C_SCL PC5
#define I2C_SCL_PORT PORTC
#define I2C_SCL_PIN PINC
#define I2C_SCL_DDR DDRC

45
Make AVR Examples/Chapter10_Pulse-Width-Modulation/pwm/pwm.c Normal file
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/* Quick and dirty PWM Demo */
// ------- Preamble -------- //
#include <avr/io.h> /* Defines pins, ports, etc */
#include <util/delay.h> /* Functions to waste time */
#include "pinDefines.h"
#define LED_DELAY 20 /* microseconds */
void pwmAllPins(uint8_t brightness) {
uint8_t i;
LED_PORT = 0xff; /* turn on */
for (i = 0; i < 255; i++) {
if (i >= brightness) { /* once it's been on long enough */
LED_PORT = 0; /* turn off */
}
_delay_us(LED_DELAY);
}
}
int main(void) {
uint8_t brightness = 0;
int8_t direction = 1;
// -------- Inits --------- //
// Init all LEDs
LED_DDR = 0xff;
// ------ Event loop ------ //
while (1) {
// Brighten and dim
if (brightness == 0) {
direction = 1;
}
if (brightness == 255) {
direction = -1;
}
brightness += direction;
pwmAllPins(brightness);
} /* End event loop */
return 0; /* This line is never reached */
}

196
Make AVR Examples/Chapter10_Pulse-Width-Modulation/pwmOnAnyPin/Makefile Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Project-specific Details ##########
########## Check these every time you start a new project ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
MCU = atmega168p
F_CPU = 1000000UL
BAUD = 9600UL
## Also try BAUD = 19200 or 38400 if you're feeling lucky.
## A directory for common include files and the simple USART library.
## If you move either the current folder or the Library folder, you'll
## need to change this path to match.
LIBDIR = ../../AVR-Programming-Library
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer Defaults ##########
########## Set up once, then forget about it ##########
########## (Can override. See bottom of file.) ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
# extra arguments to avrdude: baud rate, chip type, -F flag, etc.
PROGRAMMER_ARGS =
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Program Locations ##########
########## Won't need to change if they're in your PATH ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
CC = avr-gcc
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
AVRSIZE = avr-size
AVRDUDE = avrdude
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Makefile Magic! ##########
########## Summary: ##########
########## We want a .hex file ##########
########## Compile source files into .elf ##########
########## Convert .elf file into .hex ##########
########## You shouldn't need to edit below. ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## The name of your project (without the .c)
# TARGET = blinkLED
## Or name it automatically after the enclosing directory
TARGET = $(lastword $(subst /, ,$(CURDIR)))
# Object files: will find all .c/.h files in current directory
# and in LIBDIR. If you have any other (sub-)directories with code,
# you can add them in to SOURCES below in the wildcard statement.
SOURCES=$(wildcard *.c $(LIBDIR)/*.c)
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o)
HEADERS=$(SOURCES:.c=.h)
## Compilation options, type man avr-gcc if you're curious.
CPPFLAGS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DBAUD=$(BAUD) -I. -I$(LIBDIR)
CFLAGS = -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall
## Use short (8-bit) data types
CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
## Splits up object files per function
CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TARGET).map
## Optional, but often ends up with smaller code
LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections
## Relax shrinks code even more, but makes disassembly messy
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,--relax
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt -lm ## for floating-point printf
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min ## for smaller printf
TARGET_ARCH = -mmcu=$(MCU)
## Explicit pattern rules:
## To make .o files from .c files
%.o: %.c $(HEADERS) Makefile
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -c -o $@ $<;
$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
%.hex: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@
%.eeprom: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@
%.lst: %.elf
$(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@
## These targets don't have files named after them
.PHONY: all disassemble disasm eeprom size clean squeaky_clean flash fuses
all: $(TARGET).hex
debug:
@echo
@echo "Source files:" $(SOURCES)
@echo "MCU, F_CPU, BAUD:" $(MCU), $(F_CPU), $(BAUD)
@echo
# Optionally create listing file from .elf
# This creates approximate assembly-language equivalent of your code.
# Useful for debugging time-sensitive bits,
# or making sure the compiler does what you want.
disassemble: $(TARGET).lst
disasm: disassemble
# Optionally show how big the resulting program is
size: $(TARGET).elf
$(AVRSIZE) -C --mcu=$(MCU) $(TARGET).elf
clean:
rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).obj \
$(TARGET).o $(TARGET).d $(TARGET).eep $(TARGET).lst \
$(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym $(TARGET).map $(TARGET)~ \
$(TARGET).eeprom
squeaky_clean:
rm -f *.elf *.hex *.obj *.o *.d *.eep *.lst *.lss *.sym *.map *~ *.eeprom
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer-specific details ##########
########## Flashing code to AVR using avrdude ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
flash: $(TARGET).hex
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$<
## An alias
program: flash
flash_eeprom: $(TARGET).eeprom
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U eeprom:w:$<
avrdude_terminal:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nt
## If you've got multiple programmers that you use,
## you can define them here so that it's easy to switch.
## To invoke, use something like `make flash_arduinoISP`
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBTiny works with no further arguments
flash_usbtiny: flash
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbasp
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBasp works with no further arguments
flash_usbasp: flash
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P /dev/ttyACM0
## (for windows) flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P com5
flash_arduinoISP: flash
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avr109
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 9600 -P /dev/ttyUSB0
flash_109: flash
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Fuse settings and suitable defaults ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## Mega 48, 88, 168, 328 default values
LFUSE = 0x62
HFUSE = 0xdf
EFUSE = 0x00
## Generic
FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) \
$(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) $(FUSE_STRING)
show_fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nv
## Called with no extra definitions, sets to defaults
set_default_fuses: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
set_default_fuses: fuses
## Set the fuse byte for full-speed mode
## Note: can also be set in firmware for modern chips
set_fast_fuse: LFUSE = 0xE2
set_fast_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m
set_fast_fuse: fuses
## Set the EESAVE fuse byte to preserve EEPROM across flashes
set_eeprom_save_fuse: HFUSE = 0xD7
set_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
set_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses
## Clear the EESAVE fuse byte
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses

59
Make AVR Examples/Chapter10_Pulse-Width-Modulation/pwmOnAnyPin/pwmOnAnyPin.c Normal file
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// Quick and dirty demo of how to get PWM on any pin with interrupts
// ------- Preamble -------- //
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include "pinDefines.h"
#define DELAY 3
volatile uint8_t brightnessA;
volatile uint8_t brightnessB;
// -------- Functions --------- //
static inline void initTimer0(void) {
/* must be /64 or more for ISR timing */
TCCR0B |= (1 << CS01) | (1 << CS00);
/* both output compare interrupts */
TIMSK0 |= ((1 << OCIE0A) | (1 << OCIE1B));
TIMSK0 |= (1 << TOIE0); /* overflow interrupt enable */
sei();
}
ISR(TIMER0_OVF_vect) {
LED_PORT = 0xff;
OCR0A = brightnessA;
OCR0B = brightnessB;
}
ISR(TIMER0_COMPA_vect) {
LED_PORT &= 0b11110000; /* turn off low four LEDs */
}
ISR(TIMER0_COMPB_vect) {
LED_PORT &= 0b00001111; /* turn off high four LEDs */
}
int main(void) {
// -------- Inits --------- //
uint8_t i;
LED_DDR = 0xff;
initTimer0();
// ------ Event loop ------ //
while (1) {
for (i = 0; i < 255; i++) {
_delay_ms(DELAY);
brightnessA = i;
brightnessB = 255 - i;
}
for (i = 254; i > 0; i--) {
_delay_ms(DELAY);
brightnessA = i;
brightnessB = 255 - i;
}
} /* End event loop */
return 0; /* This line is never reached */
}

196
Make AVR Examples/Chapter10_Pulse-Width-Modulation/pwmTimers/Makefile Normal file
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Project-specific Details ##########
########## Check these every time you start a new project ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
MCU = atmega168p
F_CPU = 1000000UL
BAUD = 9600UL
## Also try BAUD = 19200 or 38400 if you're feeling lucky.
## A directory for common include files and the simple USART library.
## If you move either the current folder or the Library folder, you'll
## need to change this path to match.
LIBDIR = ../../AVR-Programming-Library
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer Defaults ##########
########## Set up once, then forget about it ##########
########## (Can override. See bottom of file.) ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
# extra arguments to avrdude: baud rate, chip type, -F flag, etc.
PROGRAMMER_ARGS =
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Program Locations ##########
########## Won't need to change if they're in your PATH ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
CC = avr-gcc
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
AVRSIZE = avr-size
AVRDUDE = avrdude
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Makefile Magic! ##########
########## Summary: ##########
########## We want a .hex file ##########
########## Compile source files into .elf ##########
########## Convert .elf file into .hex ##########
########## You shouldn't need to edit below. ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## The name of your project (without the .c)
# TARGET = blinkLED
## Or name it automatically after the enclosing directory
TARGET = $(lastword $(subst /, ,$(CURDIR)))
# Object files: will find all .c/.h files in current directory
# and in LIBDIR. If you have any other (sub-)directories with code,
# you can add them in to SOURCES below in the wildcard statement.
SOURCES=$(wildcard *.c $(LIBDIR)/*.c)
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o)
HEADERS=$(SOURCES:.c=.h)
## Compilation options, type man avr-gcc if you're curious.
CPPFLAGS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DBAUD=$(BAUD) -I. -I$(LIBDIR)
CFLAGS = -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall
## Use short (8-bit) data types
CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
## Splits up object files per function
CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TARGET).map
## Optional, but often ends up with smaller code
LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections
## Relax shrinks code even more, but makes disassembly messy
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,--relax
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt -lm ## for floating-point printf
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min ## for smaller printf
TARGET_ARCH = -mmcu=$(MCU)
## Explicit pattern rules:
## To make .o files from .c files
%.o: %.c $(HEADERS) Makefile
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -c -o $@ $<;
$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
%.hex: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@
%.eeprom: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@
%.lst: %.elf
$(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@
## These targets don't have files named after them
.PHONY: all disassemble disasm eeprom size clean squeaky_clean flash fuses
all: $(TARGET).hex
debug:
@echo
@echo "Source files:" $(SOURCES)
@echo "MCU, F_CPU, BAUD:" $(MCU), $(F_CPU), $(BAUD)
@echo
# Optionally create listing file from .elf
# This creates approximate assembly-language equivalent of your code.
# Useful for debugging time-sensitive bits,
# or making sure the compiler does what you want.
disassemble: $(TARGET).lst
disasm: disassemble
# Optionally show how big the resulting program is
size: $(TARGET).elf
$(AVRSIZE) -C --mcu=$(MCU) $(TARGET).elf
clean:
rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).obj \
$(TARGET).o $(TARGET).d $(TARGET).eep $(TARGET).lst \
$(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym $(TARGET).map $(TARGET)~ \
$(TARGET).eeprom
squeaky_clean:
rm -f *.elf *.hex *.obj *.o *.d *.eep *.lst *.lss *.sym *.map *~ *.eeprom
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer-specific details ##########
########## Flashing code to AVR using avrdude ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
flash: $(TARGET).hex
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$<
## An alias
program: flash
flash_eeprom: $(TARGET).eeprom
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U eeprom:w:$<
avrdude_terminal:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nt
## If you've got multiple programmers that you use,
## you can define them here so that it's easy to switch.
## To invoke, use something like `make flash_arduinoISP`
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBTiny works with no further arguments
flash_usbtiny: flash
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbasp
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBasp works with no further arguments
flash_usbasp: flash
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P /dev/ttyACM0
## (for windows) flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P com5
flash_arduinoISP: flash
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avr109
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 9600 -P /dev/ttyUSB0
flash_109: flash
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Fuse settings and suitable defaults ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## Mega 48, 88, 168, 328 default values
LFUSE = 0x62
HFUSE = 0xdf
EFUSE = 0x00
## Generic
FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) \
$(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) $(FUSE_STRING)
show_fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nv
## Called with no extra definitions, sets to defaults
set_default_fuses: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
set_default_fuses: fuses
## Set the fuse byte for full-speed mode
## Note: can also be set in firmware for modern chips
set_fast_fuse: LFUSE = 0xE2
set_fast_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m
set_fast_fuse: fuses
## Set the EESAVE fuse byte to preserve EEPROM across flashes
set_eeprom_save_fuse: HFUSE = 0xD7
set_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
set_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses
## Clear the EESAVE fuse byte
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses

50
Make AVR Examples/Chapter10_Pulse-Width-Modulation/pwmTimers/pwmTimers.c Normal file
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/* PWM Demo with serial control over three LEDs */
// ------- Preamble -------- //
#include <avr/io.h> /* Defines pins, ports, etc */
#include <util/delay.h> /* Functions to waste time */
#include "pinDefines.h"
#include "USART.h"
static inline void initTimers(void) {
// Timer 1 A,B
TCCR1A |= (1 << WGM10); /* Fast PWM mode, 8-bit */
TCCR1B |= (1 << WGM12); /* Fast PWM mode, pt.2 */
TCCR1B |= (1 << CS11); /* PWM Freq = F_CPU/8/256 */
TCCR1A |= (1 << COM1A1); /* PWM output on OCR1A */
TCCR1A |= (1 << COM1B1); /* PWM output on OCR1B */
// Timer 2
TCCR2A |= (1 << WGM20); /* Fast PWM mode */
TCCR2A |= (1 << WGM21); /* Fast PWM mode, pt.2 */
TCCR2B |= (1 << CS21); /* PWM Freq = F_CPU/8/256 */
TCCR2A |= (1 << COM2A1); /* PWM output on OCR2A */
}
int main(void) {
uint8_t brightness;
// -------- Inits --------- //
initTimers();
initUSART();
printString("-- LED PWM Demo --\r\n");
/* enable output on LED pins, triggered by PWM hardware */
LED_DDR |= (1 << LED1);
LED_DDR |= (1 << LED2);
LED_DDR |= (1 << LED3);
// ------ Event loop ------ //
while (1) {
printString("\r\nEnter (0-255) for PWM duty cycle: ");
brightness = getNumber();
OCR2A = OCR1B;
OCR1B = OCR1A;
OCR1A = brightness;
} /* End event loop */
return 0; /* This line is never reached */
}

196
Make AVR Examples/Chapter10_Pulse-Width-Modulation/pwm_cross-fading_cylons/Makefile Normal file
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##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Project-specific Details ##########
########## Check these every time you start a new project ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
MCU = atmega168p
F_CPU = 1000000UL
BAUD = 9600UL
## Also try BAUD = 19200 or 38400 if you're feeling lucky.
## A directory for common include files and the simple USART library.
## If you move either the current folder or the Library folder, you'll
## need to change this path to match.
LIBDIR = ../../AVR-Programming-Library
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer Defaults ##########
########## Set up once, then forget about it ##########
########## (Can override. See bottom of file.) ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
# extra arguments to avrdude: baud rate, chip type, -F flag, etc.
PROGRAMMER_ARGS =
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Program Locations ##########
########## Won't need to change if they're in your PATH ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
CC = avr-gcc
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
AVRSIZE = avr-size
AVRDUDE = avrdude
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Makefile Magic! ##########
########## Summary: ##########
########## We want a .hex file ##########
########## Compile source files into .elf ##########
########## Convert .elf file into .hex ##########
########## You shouldn't need to edit below. ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## The name of your project (without the .c)
# TARGET = blinkLED
## Or name it automatically after the enclosing directory
TARGET = $(lastword $(subst /, ,$(CURDIR)))
# Object files: will find all .c/.h files in current directory
# and in LIBDIR. If you have any other (sub-)directories with code,
# you can add them in to SOURCES below in the wildcard statement.
SOURCES=$(wildcard *.c $(LIBDIR)/*.c)
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o)
HEADERS=$(SOURCES:.c=.h)
## Compilation options, type man avr-gcc if you're curious.
CPPFLAGS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DBAUD=$(BAUD) -I. -I$(LIBDIR)
CFLAGS = -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall
## Use short (8-bit) data types
CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
## Splits up object files per function
CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TARGET).map
## Optional, but often ends up with smaller code
LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections
## Relax shrinks code even more, but makes disassembly messy
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,--relax
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt -lm ## for floating-point printf
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min ## for smaller printf
TARGET_ARCH = -mmcu=$(MCU)
## Explicit pattern rules:
## To make .o files from .c files
%.o: %.c $(HEADERS) Makefile
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -c -o $@ $<;
$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
%.hex: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@
%.eeprom: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@
%.lst: %.elf
$(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@
## These targets don't have files named after them
.PHONY: all disassemble disasm eeprom size clean squeaky_clean flash fuses
all: $(TARGET).hex
debug:
@echo
@echo "Source files:" $(SOURCES)
@echo "MCU, F_CPU, BAUD:" $(MCU), $(F_CPU), $(BAUD)
@echo
# Optionally create listing file from .elf
# This creates approximate assembly-language equivalent of your code.
# Useful for debugging time-sensitive bits,
# or making sure the compiler does what you want.
disassemble: $(TARGET).lst
disasm: disassemble
# Optionally show how big the resulting program is
size: $(TARGET).elf
$(AVRSIZE) -C --mcu=$(MCU) $(TARGET).elf
clean:
rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).obj \
$(TARGET).o $(TARGET).d $(TARGET).eep $(TARGET).lst \
$(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym $(TARGET).map $(TARGET)~ \
$(TARGET).eeprom
squeaky_clean:
rm -f *.elf *.hex *.obj *.o *.d *.eep *.lst *.lss *.sym *.map *~ *.eeprom
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer-specific details ##########
########## Flashing code to AVR using avrdude ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
flash: $(TARGET).hex
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$<
## An alias
program: flash
flash_eeprom: $(TARGET).eeprom
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U eeprom:w:$<
avrdude_terminal:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nt
## If you've got multiple programmers that you use,
## you can define them here so that it's easy to switch.
## To invoke, use something like `make flash_arduinoISP`
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBTiny works with no further arguments
flash_usbtiny: flash
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbasp
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBasp works with no further arguments
flash_usbasp: flash
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P /dev/ttyACM0
## (for windows) flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P com5
flash_arduinoISP: flash
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avr109
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 9600 -P /dev/ttyUSB0
flash_109: flash
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Fuse settings and suitable defaults ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## Mega 48, 88, 168, 328 default values
LFUSE = 0x62
HFUSE = 0xdf
EFUSE = 0x00
## Generic
FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) \
$(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) $(FUSE_STRING)
show_fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nv
## Called with no extra definitions, sets to defaults
set_default_fuses: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
set_default_fuses: fuses
## Set the fuse byte for full-speed mode
## Note: can also be set in firmware for modern chips
set_fast_fuse: LFUSE = 0xE2
set_fast_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m
set_fast_fuse: fuses
## Set the EESAVE fuse byte to preserve EEPROM across flashes
set_eeprom_save_fuse: HFUSE = 0xD7
set_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
set_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses
## Clear the EESAVE fuse byte
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses

60
Make AVR Examples/Chapter10_Pulse-Width-Modulation/pwm_cross-fading_cylons/cross-fading_cylons.c Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
/*
Cross-fading Cylon Eyes
A PWM demo
*/
// ------- Preamble -------- //
#include <avr/io.h> /* Defines pins, ports, etc */
#include <util/delay.h> /* Functions to waste time */
#include "pinDefines.h"
int main(void) {
uint8_t thisEye = 0;
uint8_t nextEye = 1;
uint8_t brightness = 0;
int8_t direction = 1;
uint8_t i;
// -------- Inits --------- //
// Init all LEDs
LED_DDR = 0xff;
SPEAKER_DDR |= (1 << SPEAKER);
// ------ Event loop ------ //
while (1) {
// PWM
for (brightness = 0; brightness < 255; brightness++) {
for (i = 0; i < 255; i++) {
if (i < brightness) {
LED_PORT &= ~(1 << thisEye); /* dimming */
LED_PORT |= (1 << nextEye); /* getting brighter */
}
else {
LED_PORT |= (1 << thisEye);
LED_PORT &= ~(1 << nextEye);
}
LED_PORT &= ~(1 << thisEye); /* make sure it's off */
}
}
// Cylon Scan
thisEye += direction; /* move on to next eye */
if (thisEye == 0) {
direction = 1;
}
if (thisEye == 7) {
direction = -1;
}
nextEye = thisEye + direction;
} /* End event loop */
return 0; /* This line is never reached */
}