dan/AVR_Learning
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Started following some tutorial on att85 usi. Downloaded example code from make avr book.

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
Dan
2022-09-20 01:08:01 -04:00
parent d0cbc0000e
commit 361a828c46
295 changed files with 68746 additions and 0 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

196
Make AVR Examples/Chapter09_Introduction-to-Timer-Counter-Hardware/amRadio/Makefile Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Project-specific Details ##########
########## Check these every time you start a new project ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
MCU = atmega168p
F_CPU = 8000000UL
BAUD = 9600UL
## Also try BAUD = 19200 or 38400 if you're feeling lucky.
## A directory for common include files and the simple USART library.
## If you move either the current folder or the Library folder, you'll
## need to change this path to match.
LIBDIR = ../../AVR-Programming-Library
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer Defaults ##########
########## Set up once, then forget about it ##########
########## (Can override. See bottom of file.) ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
# extra arguments to avrdude: baud rate, chip type, -F flag, etc.
PROGRAMMER_ARGS =
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Program Locations ##########
########## Won't need to change if they're in your PATH ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
CC = avr-gcc
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
AVRSIZE = avr-size
AVRDUDE = avrdude
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Makefile Magic! ##########
########## Summary: ##########
########## We want a .hex file ##########
########## Compile source files into .elf ##########
########## Convert .elf file into .hex ##########
########## You shouldn't need to edit below. ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## The name of your project (without the .c)
# TARGET = blinkLED
## Or name it automatically after the enclosing directory
TARGET = $(lastword $(subst /, ,$(CURDIR)))
# Object files: will find all .c/.h files in current directory
# and in LIBDIR. If you have any other (sub-)directories with code,
# you can add them in to SOURCES below in the wildcard statement.
SOURCES=$(wildcard *.c $(LIBDIR)/*.c)
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o)
HEADERS=$(SOURCES:.c=.h)
## Compilation options, type man avr-gcc if you're curious.
CPPFLAGS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DBAUD=$(BAUD) -I. -I$(LIBDIR)
CFLAGS = -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall
## Use short (8-bit) data types
CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
## Splits up object files per function
CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TARGET).map
## Optional, but often ends up with smaller code
LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections
## Relax shrinks code even more, but makes disassembly messy
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,--relax
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt -lm ## for floating-point printf
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min ## for smaller printf
TARGET_ARCH = -mmcu=$(MCU)
## Explicit pattern rules:
## To make .o files from .c files
%.o: %.c $(HEADERS) Makefile
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -c -o $@ $<;
$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
%.hex: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@
%.eeprom: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@
%.lst: %.elf
$(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@
## These targets don't have files named after them
.PHONY: all disassemble disasm eeprom size clean squeaky_clean flash fuses
all: $(TARGET).hex
debug:
@echo
@echo "Source files:" $(SOURCES)
@echo "MCU, F_CPU, BAUD:" $(MCU), $(F_CPU), $(BAUD)
@echo
# Optionally create listing file from .elf
# This creates approximate assembly-language equivalent of your code.
# Useful for debugging time-sensitive bits,
# or making sure the compiler does what you want.
disassemble: $(TARGET).lst
disasm: disassemble
# Optionally show how big the resulting program is
size: $(TARGET).elf
$(AVRSIZE) -C --mcu=$(MCU) $(TARGET).elf
clean:
rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).obj \
$(TARGET).o $(TARGET).d $(TARGET).eep $(TARGET).lst \
$(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym $(TARGET).map $(TARGET)~ \
$(TARGET).eeprom
squeaky_clean:
rm -f *.elf *.hex *.obj *.o *.d *.eep *.lst *.lss *.sym *.map *~ *.eeprom
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer-specific details ##########
########## Flashing code to AVR using avrdude ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
flash: $(TARGET).hex
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$<
## An alias
program: flash
flash_eeprom: $(TARGET).eeprom
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U eeprom:w:$<
avrdude_terminal:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nt
## If you've got multiple programmers that you use,
## you can define them here so that it's easy to switch.
## To invoke, use something like `make flash_arduinoISP`
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBTiny works with no further arguments
flash_usbtiny: flash
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbasp
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBasp works with no further arguments
flash_usbasp: flash
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P /dev/ttyACM0
## (for windows) flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P com5
flash_arduinoISP: flash
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avr109
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 9600 -P /dev/ttyUSB0
flash_109: flash
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Fuse settings and suitable defaults ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## Mega 48, 88, 168, 328 default values
LFUSE = 0x62
HFUSE = 0xdf
EFUSE = 0x00
## Generic
FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) \
$(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) $(FUSE_STRING)
show_fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nv
## Called with no extra definitions, sets to defaults
set_default_fuses: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
set_default_fuses: fuses
## Set the fuse byte for full-speed mode
## Note: can also be set in firmware for modern chips
set_fast_fuse: LFUSE = 0xE2
set_fast_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m
set_fast_fuse: fuses
## Set the EESAVE fuse byte to preserve EEPROM across flashes
set_eeprom_save_fuse: HFUSE = 0xD7
set_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
set_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses
## Clear the EESAVE fuse byte
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses

81
Make AVR Examples/Chapter09_Introduction-to-Timer-Counter-Hardware/amRadio/amRadio.c Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
/*
Plays a simple tune, broadcasts it in the AM radio band.
*/
// ------- Preamble -------- //
#include <avr/io.h> /* Defines pins, ports, etc */
#include <util/delay.h> /* Functions to waste time */
#include <avr/power.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include "pinDefines.h"
#include "scale16.h"
#define COUNTER_VALUE 3 /* determines carrier frequency */
// From f = f_cpu / ( 2* N* (1 + OCRnx) )
// Good values for the AM band from 2 to 6: pick one that's clear
// Divide by two b/c we're toggling on or off each loop;
// a full cycle of the carrier takes two loops.
// 8Mhz / (2 * 1 * (1+2)) = 1333 kHz
// 8Mhz / (2 * 1 * (1+3)) = 1000 kHz
// 8Mhz / (2 * 1 * (1+4)) = 800 kHz
// 8Mhz / (2 * 1 * (1+5)) = 670 kHz
// 8Mhz / (2 * 1 * (1+6)) = 570 kHz
// 8Mhz / (2 * 1 * (1+7)) = 500 kHz
static inline void initTimer0(void) {
TCCR0A |= (1 << WGM01); /* CTC mode */
TCCR0A |= (1 << COM0B0); /* Toggles pin each time through */
TCCR0B |= (1 << CS00); /* Clock at CPU frequency, ~8MHz */
OCR0A = COUNTER_VALUE; /* carrier frequency */
}
static inline void initTimer1(void) {
TCCR1B |= (1 << WGM12); /* CTC mode */
TCCR1B |= (1 << CS11); /* Clock at CPU/8 frequency, ~1MHz */
TIMSK1 |= (1 << OCIE1A); /* enable output compare interrupt */
}
ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect) { /* ISR for audio-rate Timer 1 */
ANTENNA_DDR ^= (1 << ANTENNA); /* toggle carrier on and off */
}
static inline void transmitBeep(uint16_t pitch, uint16_t duration) {
OCR1A = pitch; /* set pitch for timer1 */
sei(); /* turn on interrupts */
do {
_delay_ms(1); /* delay for pitch cycles */
duration--;
} while (duration > 0);
cli(); /* and disable ISR so that it stops toggling */
ANTENNA_DDR |= (1 << ANTENNA); /* back on full carrier */
}
int main(void) {
// -------- Inits --------- //
clock_prescale_set(clock_div_1); /* CPU clock 8 MHz */
initTimer0();
initTimer1();
// ------ Event loop ------ //
while (1) {
transmitBeep(E3, 200);
_delay_ms(100);
transmitBeep(E3, 200);
_delay_ms(200);
transmitBeep(E3, 200);
_delay_ms(200);
transmitBeep(C3, 200);
transmitBeep(E3, 200);
_delay_ms(200);
transmitBeep(G3, 400);
_delay_ms(500);
transmitBeep(G2, 400);
_delay_ms(2500);
} /* End event loop */
return 0; /* This line is never reached */
}

78
Make AVR Examples/Chapter09_Introduction-to-Timer-Counter-Hardware/amRadio/scale16.h Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
/* Scale in the key of 1/10000 */
/*
These are periods -- if you delay this long,
then toggle the speaker pin, you'll get approximate
pitches.
This is the 16-bit version. The pitches get less accurate
as they get higher, but not as bad as the 8-bit one.
"x" denotes sharp.
Can be generated by Python:
import math
scale = ['C', 'Cx', 'D', 'Dx', 'E', 'F', 'Fx', 'G', 'Gx', 'A', 'Ax', 'B']
def octave(baseLength):
periods = [baseLength / math.exp(x*math.log(2)/12) for x in range(0, 12)]
periods = [int(round(x)) for x in periods]
return( zip(scale, periods) )
for i in range(0,4):
for note, period in octave(10000 / 2**i):
if period < 65500:
noteString = note + str(i)
print "#define {:<5}{:>6}".format(noteString, period)
*/
#define C0 10000
#define Cx0 9439
#define D0 8909
#define Dx0 8409
#define E0 7937
#define F0 7492
#define Fx0 7071
#define G0 6674
#define Gx0 6300
#define A0 5946
#define Ax0 5612
#define B0 5297
#define C1 5000
#define Cx1 4719
#define D1 4454
#define Dx1 4204
#define E1 3969
#define F1 3746
#define Fx1 3536
#define G1 3337
#define Gx1 3150
#define A1 2973
#define Ax1 2806
#define B1 2649
#define C2 2500
#define Cx2 2360
#define D2 2227
#define Dx2 2102
#define E2 1984
#define F2 1873
#define Fx2 1768
#define G2 1669
#define Gx2 1575
#define A2 1487
#define Ax2 1403
#define B2 1324
#define C3 1250
#define Cx3 1180
#define D3 1114
#define Dx3 1051
#define E3 992
#define F3 936
#define Fx3 884
#define G3 834
#define Gx3 787
#define A3 743
#define Ax3 702
#define B3 662

196
Make AVR Examples/Chapter09_Introduction-to-Timer-Counter-Hardware/reactionTimer/Makefile Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Project-specific Details ##########
########## Check these every time you start a new project ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
MCU = atmega168p
F_CPU = 1000000UL
BAUD = 9600UL
## Also try BAUD = 19200 or 38400 if you're feeling lucky.
## A directory for common include files and the simple USART library.
## If you move either the current folder or the Library folder, you'll
## need to change this path to match.
LIBDIR = ../../AVR-Programming-Library
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer Defaults ##########
########## Set up once, then forget about it ##########
########## (Can override. See bottom of file.) ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
# extra arguments to avrdude: baud rate, chip type, -F flag, etc.
PROGRAMMER_ARGS =
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Program Locations ##########
########## Won't need to change if they're in your PATH ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
CC = avr-gcc
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
AVRSIZE = avr-size
AVRDUDE = avrdude
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Makefile Magic! ##########
########## Summary: ##########
########## We want a .hex file ##########
########## Compile source files into .elf ##########
########## Convert .elf file into .hex ##########
########## You shouldn't need to edit below. ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## The name of your project (without the .c)
# TARGET = blinkLED
## Or name it automatically after the enclosing directory
TARGET = $(lastword $(subst /, ,$(CURDIR)))
# Object files: will find all .c/.h files in current directory
# and in LIBDIR. If you have any other (sub-)directories with code,
# you can add them in to SOURCES below in the wildcard statement.
SOURCES=$(wildcard *.c $(LIBDIR)/*.c)
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o)
HEADERS=$(SOURCES:.c=.h)
## Compilation options, type man avr-gcc if you're curious.
CPPFLAGS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DBAUD=$(BAUD) -I. -I$(LIBDIR)
CFLAGS = -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall
## Use short (8-bit) data types
CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
## Splits up object files per function
CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TARGET).map
## Optional, but often ends up with smaller code
LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections
## Relax shrinks code even more, but makes disassembly messy
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,--relax
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt -lm ## for floating-point printf
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min ## for smaller printf
TARGET_ARCH = -mmcu=$(MCU)
## Explicit pattern rules:
## To make .o files from .c files
%.o: %.c $(HEADERS) Makefile
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -c -o $@ $<;
$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
%.hex: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@
%.eeprom: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@
%.lst: %.elf
$(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@
## These targets don't have files named after them
.PHONY: all disassemble disasm eeprom size clean squeaky_clean flash fuses
all: $(TARGET).hex
debug:
@echo
@echo "Source files:" $(SOURCES)
@echo "MCU, F_CPU, BAUD:" $(MCU), $(F_CPU), $(BAUD)
@echo
# Optionally create listing file from .elf
# This creates approximate assembly-language equivalent of your code.
# Useful for debugging time-sensitive bits,
# or making sure the compiler does what you want.
disassemble: $(TARGET).lst
disasm: disassemble
# Optionally show how big the resulting program is
size: $(TARGET).elf
$(AVRSIZE) -C --mcu=$(MCU) $(TARGET).elf
clean:
rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).obj \
$(TARGET).o $(TARGET).d $(TARGET).eep $(TARGET).lst \
$(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym $(TARGET).map $(TARGET)~ \
$(TARGET).eeprom
squeaky_clean:
rm -f *.elf *.hex *.obj *.o *.d *.eep *.lst *.lss *.sym *.map *~ *.eeprom
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer-specific details ##########
########## Flashing code to AVR using avrdude ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
flash: $(TARGET).hex
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$<
## An alias
program: flash
flash_eeprom: $(TARGET).eeprom
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U eeprom:w:$<
avrdude_terminal:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nt
## If you've got multiple programmers that you use,
## you can define them here so that it's easy to switch.
## To invoke, use something like `make flash_arduinoISP`
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBTiny works with no further arguments
flash_usbtiny: flash
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbasp
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBasp works with no further arguments
flash_usbasp: flash
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P /dev/ttyACM0
## (for windows) flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P com5
flash_arduinoISP: flash
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avr109
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 9600 -P /dev/ttyUSB0
flash_109: flash
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Fuse settings and suitable defaults ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## Mega 48, 88, 168, 328 default values
LFUSE = 0x62
HFUSE = 0xdf
EFUSE = 0x00
## Generic
FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) \
$(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) $(FUSE_STRING)
show_fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nv
## Called with no extra definitions, sets to defaults
set_default_fuses: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
set_default_fuses: fuses
## Set the fuse byte for full-speed mode
## Note: can also be set in firmware for modern chips
set_fast_fuse: LFUSE = 0xE2
set_fast_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m
set_fast_fuse: fuses
## Set the EESAVE fuse byte to preserve EEPROM across flashes
set_eeprom_save_fuse: HFUSE = 0xD7
set_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
set_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses
## Clear the EESAVE fuse byte
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses

68
Make AVR Examples/Chapter09_Introduction-to-Timer-Counter-Hardware/reactionTimer/reactionTimer.c Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
/*
Press the button as quickly as you can after the LEDs light up.
Your time is printed out over the serial port.
*/
// ------- Preamble -------- //
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include "pinDefines.h"
#include "USART.h"
#include "support.h"
static inline void initTimer1(void) {
/* Normal mode (default), just counting */
TCCR1B |= (1 << CS11) | (1 << CS10);
/* Clock speed: 1 MHz / 64,
each tick is 64 microseconds ~= 15.6 per ms */
/* No special output modes */
}
int main(void) {
uint16_t timerValue;
// -------- Inits --------- //
initUSART();
initTimer1();
LED_DDR = 0xff; /* all LEDs for output */
BUTTON_PORT |= (1 << BUTTON); /* enable internal pull-up */
printString("\r\nReaction Timer:\r\n");
printString("---------------\r\n");
printString("Press any key to start.\r\n");
// ------ Event loop ------ //
while (1) {
receiveByte(); /* press any key */
printString("\r\nGet ready...");
randomDelay();
printString("\r\nGo!\r\n");
LED_PORT = 0xff; /* light LEDs */
TCNT1 = 0; /* reset counter */
if (bit_is_clear(BUTTON_PIN, BUTTON)) {
/* Button pressed _exactly_ as LEDs light up. Suspicious. */
printString("You're only cheating yourself.\r\n");
}
else {
// Wait until button pressed, save timer value.
loop_until_bit_is_clear(BUTTON_PIN, BUTTON);
timerValue = TCNT1 >> 4;
/* each tick is approx 1/16 milliseconds, so we bit-shift divide */
printMilliseconds(timerValue);
printComments(timerValue);
}
// Clear LEDs and start again.
LED_PORT = 0x00;
printString("Press any key to try again.\r\n");
} /* End event loop */
return 0; /* This line is never reached */
}

92
Make AVR Examples/Chapter09_Introduction-to-Timer-Counter-Hardware/reactionTimer/support.c Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
#include "support.h"
void printMilliseconds(uint16_t value) {
/* Given a value in milliseconds, prints out how many seconds
you took over the serial port. Does ascii conversion, prints
decimal point, and drops extra leading zeros.
*/
uint8_t digit;
printString("\r\nYou took ");
/* add up ten-thousands */
digit = 0;
while (value >= 10000) {
digit++;
value -= 10000;
}
if (digit) {
transmitByte('0' + digit);
}
/* add up thousands */
digit = 0;
while (value >= 1000) {
digit++;
value -= 1000;
}
transmitByte('0' + digit);
/* decimal point here b/c dividing by 1000 */
transmitByte('.');
/* add up hundreds */
digit = 0;
while (value >= 100) {
digit++;
value -= 100;
}
transmitByte('0' + digit);
/* add up tens */
digit = 0;
while (value >= 10) {
digit++;
value -= 10;
}
transmitByte('0' + digit);
// Ones digit is easy.
transmitByte('0' + value);
printString(" seconds.\r\n");
}
void printComments(uint16_t value) {
/* Given a value in milliseconds, rates your reaction time */
if (value > 2000) {
printString("----> Ummm...this is a reaction timer...\r\n");
}
else if (value > 1000) {
printString("----> Hello?\r\n");
}
else if (value > 500) {
printString("----> Slow.\r\n");
}
else if (value > 250) {
printString("----> Have another cup of coffee.\r\n");
}
else if (value > 200) {
printString("----> Respectable.\r\n");
}
else if (value >= 150) {
printString("----> Fast.\r\n");
}
else if (value < 150) {
printString("----> Amazing!\r\n");
}
}
void randomDelay(void) {
/* Waits for a "random" delay from 1 - 3.5 sec */
/* Requires timer 1 initialized and running */
/* It's not really random, but very hard to control --
like coin-flipping. */
uint8_t randomTime;
_delay_ms(1000); /* wait at least 1 sec */
randomTime = (uint8_t) TCNT1;
/* type-casting the 16-bit TCNT1 as an 8-bit number keeps
only the 8 least-significant (fastest-changing) bits */
while (--randomTime) {
_delay_ms(10); /* max value is 255 ~= 2.5 sec */
}
}

24
Make AVR Examples/Chapter09_Introduction-to-Timer-Counter-Hardware/reactionTimer/support.h Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
/* Support functions that otherwise make the main code more readable */
/* Includes */
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include "USART.h"
/* Function Prototypes in support.c */
void printMilliseconds(uint16_t value);
/* Given a value in milliseconds, prints out how many seconds
you took over the serial port. Does ascii conversion, prints
decimal point, and drops extra leading zeros.
*/
void printComments(uint16_t value);
/* Given a value in milliseconds, rates your reaction time */
void randomDelay(void);
/* Waits for a "random" delay from 1 - 3.5 sec */
/* Requires timer 1 initialized and running */
/* It's not really random, but very hard to control
like coin-flipping. */

196
Make AVR Examples/Chapter09_Introduction-to-Timer-Counter-Hardware/timerAudio/Makefile Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Project-specific Details ##########
########## Check these every time you start a new project ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
MCU = atmega168p
F_CPU = 1000000UL
BAUD = 9600UL
## Also try BAUD = 19200 or 38400 if you're feeling lucky.
## A directory for common include files and the simple USART library.
## If you move either the current folder or the Library folder, you'll
## need to change this path to match.
LIBDIR = ../../AVR-Programming-Library
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer Defaults ##########
########## Set up once, then forget about it ##########
########## (Can override. See bottom of file.) ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
# extra arguments to avrdude: baud rate, chip type, -F flag, etc.
PROGRAMMER_ARGS =
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Program Locations ##########
########## Won't need to change if they're in your PATH ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
CC = avr-gcc
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
AVRSIZE = avr-size
AVRDUDE = avrdude
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Makefile Magic! ##########
########## Summary: ##########
########## We want a .hex file ##########
########## Compile source files into .elf ##########
########## Convert .elf file into .hex ##########
########## You shouldn't need to edit below. ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## The name of your project (without the .c)
# TARGET = blinkLED
## Or name it automatically after the enclosing directory
TARGET = $(lastword $(subst /, ,$(CURDIR)))
# Object files: will find all .c/.h files in current directory
# and in LIBDIR. If you have any other (sub-)directories with code,
# you can add them in to SOURCES below in the wildcard statement.
SOURCES=$(wildcard *.c $(LIBDIR)/*.c)
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o)
HEADERS=$(SOURCES:.c=.h)
## Compilation options, type man avr-gcc if you're curious.
CPPFLAGS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DBAUD=$(BAUD) -I. -I$(LIBDIR)
CFLAGS = -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall
## Use short (8-bit) data types
CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
## Splits up object files per function
CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TARGET).map
## Optional, but often ends up with smaller code
LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections
## Relax shrinks code even more, but makes disassembly messy
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,--relax
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt -lm ## for floating-point printf
## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min ## for smaller printf
TARGET_ARCH = -mmcu=$(MCU)
## Explicit pattern rules:
## To make .o files from .c files
%.o: %.c $(HEADERS) Makefile
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -c -o $@ $<;
$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
%.hex: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@
%.eeprom: %.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@
%.lst: %.elf
$(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@
## These targets don't have files named after them
.PHONY: all disassemble disasm eeprom size clean squeaky_clean flash fuses
all: $(TARGET).hex
debug:
@echo
@echo "Source files:" $(SOURCES)
@echo "MCU, F_CPU, BAUD:" $(MCU), $(F_CPU), $(BAUD)
@echo
# Optionally create listing file from .elf
# This creates approximate assembly-language equivalent of your code.
# Useful for debugging time-sensitive bits,
# or making sure the compiler does what you want.
disassemble: $(TARGET).lst
disasm: disassemble
# Optionally show how big the resulting program is
size: $(TARGET).elf
$(AVRSIZE) -C --mcu=$(MCU) $(TARGET).elf
clean:
rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).obj \
$(TARGET).o $(TARGET).d $(TARGET).eep $(TARGET).lst \
$(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym $(TARGET).map $(TARGET)~ \
$(TARGET).eeprom
squeaky_clean:
rm -f *.elf *.hex *.obj *.o *.d *.eep *.lst *.lss *.sym *.map *~ *.eeprom
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Programmer-specific details ##########
########## Flashing code to AVR using avrdude ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
flash: $(TARGET).hex
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$<
## An alias
program: flash
flash_eeprom: $(TARGET).eeprom
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U eeprom:w:$<
avrdude_terminal:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nt
## If you've got multiple programmers that you use,
## you can define them here so that it's easy to switch.
## To invoke, use something like `make flash_arduinoISP`
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny
flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBTiny works with no further arguments
flash_usbtiny: flash
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbasp
flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBasp works with no further arguments
flash_usbasp: flash
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp
flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P /dev/ttyACM0
## (for windows) flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P com5
flash_arduinoISP: flash
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avr109
flash_109: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 9600 -P /dev/ttyUSB0
flash_109: flash
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
########## Fuse settings and suitable defaults ##########
##########------------------------------------------------------##########
## Mega 48, 88, 168, 328 default values
LFUSE = 0x62
HFUSE = 0xdf
EFUSE = 0x00
## Generic
FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) \
$(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) $(FUSE_STRING)
show_fuses:
$(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nv
## Called with no extra definitions, sets to defaults
set_default_fuses: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m
set_default_fuses: fuses
## Set the fuse byte for full-speed mode
## Note: can also be set in firmware for modern chips
set_fast_fuse: LFUSE = 0xE2
set_fast_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m
set_fast_fuse: fuses
## Set the EESAVE fuse byte to preserve EEPROM across flashes
set_eeprom_save_fuse: HFUSE = 0xD7
set_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
set_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses
## Clear the EESAVE fuse byte
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m
clear_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses

48
Make AVR Examples/Chapter09_Introduction-to-Timer-Counter-Hardware/timerAudio/scale8.h Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
/* Scale in the key of 1/200 */
/*
These are periods -- if you delay this long,
then toggle the speaker pin, you'll get approximate
pitches.
This is the 8-bit version. The pitches get less accurate
as they get higher.
*/
#define Gx0 252
#define A0 238
#define Ax0 224
#define B0 212
#define C1 200
#define Cx0 189
#define D1 178
#define Dx0 168
#define E1 159
#define F1 150
#define Fx1 141
#define G1 133
#define Gx1 126
#define A1 119
#define Ax1 112
#define B1 106
#define C2 100
#define Cx2 94
#define D2 89
#define Dx2 84
#define E2 79
#define F2 75
#define Fx2 71
#define G2 67
#define Gx2 63
#define A2 59
#define Ax2 56
#define B2 53
#define C3 50
#define Cx3 47
#define D3 44
#define Dx3 42
#define E3 40
#define F3 37
#define Fx3 35
#define G3 33

49
Make AVR Examples/Chapter09_Introduction-to-Timer-Counter-Hardware/timerAudio/timerAudio.c Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
/*
Quick audio demo using Timer 0 to generate audio frequencies directly.
*/
// ------- Preamble -------- //
#include <avr/io.h> /* Defines pins, ports, etc */
#include <util/delay.h> /* Functions to waste time */
#include "pinDefines.h"
#include "scale8.h" /* 8-bit scale */
static inline void initTimer(void) {
TCCR0A |= (1 << WGM01); /* CTC mode */
TCCR0A |= (1 << COM0A0); /* Toggles pin each cycle through */
TCCR0B |= (1 << CS00) | (1 << CS01); /* CPU clock / 64 */
}
static inline void playNote(uint8_t period, uint16_t duration) {
TCNT0 = 0; /* reset the counter */
OCR0A = period; /* set pitch */
SPEAKER_DDR |= (1 << SPEAKER); /* enable output on speaker */
while (duration) { /* Variable delay */
_delay_ms(1);
duration--;
}
SPEAKER_DDR &= ~(1 << SPEAKER); /* turn speaker off */
}
int main(void) {
// -------- Inits --------- //
initTimer();
// ------ Event loop ------ //
while (1) {
/* Play some notes */
playNote(C2, 200);
playNote(E2, 200);
playNote(G2, 200);
playNote(C3, 400);
_delay_ms(1000);
_delay_ms(1000);
_delay_ms(1000);
} /* End event loop */
return 0; /* This line is never reached */
}